Callback Hell in JavaScript

Callback Hell occurs when multiple asynchronous operations are nested within each other using callbacks, leading to code that's hard to read and maintain. It typically looks like a pyramid or "right-leaning" structure:

doSomething(function(result1) {

  doSomethingElse(result1, function(result2) {

    moreWork(result2, function(result3) {

      finalTask(result3, function(result4) {

        // and so on...

      });

    });

  });

});

This deeply nested structure makes debugging and scaling code difficult. To avoid callback hell, developers use solutions like Promises and async/await, which flatten the structure and improve readability.

Example with async/await:

async function runTasks() {

  const res1 = await doSomething();

  const res2 = await doSomethingElse(res1);

  const res3 = await moreWork(res2);

  await finalTask(res3);

}

Using modern JavaScript features makes your code cleaner, more readable, and easier to manage.